UP(4) | Device Drivers Manual (vax) | UP(4)

# NAME

`up` —
UNIBUS storage module controller/disk drives

# SYNOPSIS

`sc0 at uba? csr 0176700 vector upintr`
`up0 at sc0 drive 0`

# DESCRIPTION

NOTE: This driver has not been ported from 4.4BSD yet.

This is a generic UNIBUS storage module disk driver. It is specifically designed to work with the Emulex SC-21 and SC-31 controllers. It can be easily adapted to other controllers (although bootstrapping will not necessarily be directly possible.)

The script MAKEDEV(8) should be used to create the `up` special files; consult mknod(8) if a special file needs to be made manually. It is recommended as a security precaution to not create special files for devices which may never be installed.

# DISK SUPPORT

The driver interrogates the controller's holding register to determine the type of drive attached. The driver recognizes seven different drives: CDC 9762, CDC 9766, AMPEX DM980, AMPEX 9300, AMPEX Capricorn, FUJITSU 160, and FUJITSU Eagle (the Eagle is not supported by the SC-21).

Special file names begin with ‘`up`’ and ‘`rup`’ for the block and character files respectively. The second component of the name, a drive unit number in the range of zero to seven, is represented by a ‘`?`’ in the disk layouts below. The last component of the name, the file system partition, is designated by a letter from ‘`a`’ to ‘`h`’ which also corresponds to a minor device number set: zero to seven, eight to 15, 16 to 23 and so forth for drive zero, drive two and drive three respectively (see physio(4)). The location and size (in 512 byte sectors) of the partitions for the above drives:

CDC 9762 partitions

  disk | start | length | cyls
  hp?a | 0 | 15884 | 0-99
  hp?b | 16000 | 33440 | 100-309
  hp?c | 0 | 131680 | 0-822
  hp?d | 49600 | 15884 | 309-408
  hp?e | 65440 | 55936 | 409-758
  hp?f | 121440 | 10080 | 759-822
  hp?g | 49600 | 82080 | 309-822

CDC 9766 300M drive partitions

  disk | start | length | cyl
  up?a | 0 | 15884 | 0-26
  up?b | 16416 | 33440 | 27-81
  up?c | 0 | 500384 | 0-822
  up?d | 341696 | 15884 | 562-588
  up?e | 358112 | 55936 | 589-680
  up?f | 414048 | 861760 | 681-822
  up?g | 341696 | 158528 | 562-822
  up?h | 49856 | 291346 | 82-561

AMPEX DM980 partitions

  disk | start | length | cyls
  hp?a | 0 | 15884 | 0-99
  hp?b | 16000 | 33440 | 100-309
  hp?c | 0 | 131680 | 0-822
  hp?d | 49600 | 15884 | 309-408
  hp?e | 65440 | 55936 | 409-758
  hp?f | 121440 | 10080 | 759-822
  hp?g | 49600 | 82080 | 309-822

AMPEX 9300 300M drive partitions

  disk | start | length | cyl
  up?a | 0 | 15884 | 0-26
  up?b | 16416 | 33440 | 27-81
  up?c | 0 | 495520 | 0-814
  up?d | 341696 | 15884 | 562-588
  up?e | 358112 | 55936 | 589-680
  up?f | 414048 | 81312 | 681-814
  up?g | 341696 | 153664 | 562-814
  up?h | 49856 | 291346 | 82-561

AMPEX Capricorn 330M drive partitions

  disk | start | length | cyl
  hp?a | 0 | 15884 | 0-31
  hp?b | 16384 | 33440 | 32-97
  hp?c | 0 | 524288 | 0-1023
  hp?d | 342016 | 15884 | 668-699
  hp?e | 358400 | 55936 | 700-809
  hp?f | 414720 | 109408 | 810-1023
  hp?g | 342016 | 182112 | 668-1023
  hp?h | 50176 | 291346 | 98-667

FUJITSU 160M drive partitions

  disk | start | length | cyl
  up?a | 0 | 15884 | 0-49
  up?b | 16000 | 33440 | 50-154
  up?c | 0 | 263360 | 0-822
  up?d | 49600 | 15884 | 155-204
  up?e | 65600 | 55936 | 205-379
  up?f | 121600 | 141600 | 380-822
  up?g | 49600 | 213600 | 155-822

FUJITSU Eagle partitions

  disk | start | length | cyls
  hp?a | 0 | 15884 | 0-16
  hp?b | 16320 | 66880 | 17-86
  hp?c | 0 | 808320 | 0-841
  hp?d | 375360 | 15884 | 391-407
  hp?e | 391680 | 55936 | 408-727
  hp?f | 698880 | 109248 | 728-841
  hp?g | 375360 | 432768 | 391-841
  hp?h | 83520 | 291346 | 87-390

The up?a partition is normally used for the root file system, the up?b partition as a paging area, and the up?c partition for pack-pack copying (it maps the entire disk). On 160M drives the up?g partition maps the rest of the pack. On other drives both up?g and up?h are used to map the remaining cylinders.

# FILES

/dev/up[0-7][a-h]
  block files
/dev/rup[0-7][a-h]
  raw files

# DIAGNOSTICS

up%d%c: hard error %sing fsbn %d[-%d] cs2=%b er1=%b er2=%b.
  An unrecoverable error occurred during transfer of the specified filesystem block number(s), which are logical block numbers on the indicated partition. The contents of the cs2, er1 and er2 registers are printed in octal and symbolically with bits decoded. The error was either unrecoverable, or a large number of retry attempts (including offset positioning and drive recalibration) could not recover the error.
up%d: write locked.
  The write protect switch was set on the drive when a write was attempted. The write operation is not recoverable.
up%d: not ready.
  The drive was spun down or off line when it was accessed. The I/O operation is not recoverable.
up%d: not ready (flakey).
  The drive was not ready, but after printing the message about being not ready (which takes a fraction of a second) was ready. The operation is recovered if no further errors occur.
up%d%c: soft ecc reading fsbn %d[-%d].
  A recoverable ECC error occurred on the specified sector of the specified disk partition. This happens normally a few times a week. If it happens more frequently than this the sectors where the errors are occurring should be checked to see if certain cylinders on the pack, spots on the carriage of the drive or heads are indicated.
sc%d: lost interrupt.
  A timer watching the controller detecting no interrupt for an extended period while an operation was outstanding. This indicates a hardware or software failure. There is currently a hardware/software problem with spinning down drives while they are being accessed which causes this error to occur. The error causes a UNIBUS reset, and retry of the pending operations. If the controller continues to lose interrupts, this error will recur a few seconds later.

# SEE ALSO

vax/hk(4), vax/hp(4), vax/uda(4)

# HISTORY

The `up` driver appeared in 4.0BSD.

# BUGS

A program to analyze the logged error information (even in its present reduced form) is needed.

The partition tables for the file systems should be read off of each pack, as they are never quite what any single installation would prefer, and this would make packs more portable.

February 17, 2017 | NetBSD 9.3