| cusp

## Function

Create a codon usage table from nucleotide sequence(s)

## Description

cusp calculates a codon usage table for one or more nucleotide coding sequences and writes the table to file.

The codon usage table gives for each codon: i. Sequence of the codon. ii. The encoded amino acid. iii. The proportion of usage of the codon among its redundant set, i.e. the set of codons which code for this codon's amino acid. iv. The expected number of codons, given the input sequence(s), per 1000 bases. v. The observed number of codons in the input sequences.

## Usage

Here is a sample session with cusp

This example uses only one input sequence. The normal use would be to use a set of coding sequences as the input.

    % cusp -sbeg 135 -send 1292
    Create a codon usage table from nucleotide sequence(s)
    Input nucleotide sequence(s): tembl:x13776
    Output file [x13776.cusp]:

Go to the input files for this example
Go to the output files for this example

## Command line arguments

       Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers:
      [-sequence]          seqall     Nucleotide sequence(s) filename and optional
                                      format, or reference (input USA)
      [-outfile]           outfile    [*.cusp] Output file name

       Additional (Optional) qualifiers: (none)
       Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers: (none)
       Associated qualifiers:

       "-sequence" associated qualifiers
       -sbegin1            integer    Start of each sequence to be used
       -send1              integer    End of each sequence to be used
       -sreverse1          boolean    Reverse (if DNA)
       -sask1              boolean    Ask for begin/end/reverse
       -snucleotide1       boolean    Sequence is nucleotide
       -sprotein1          boolean    Sequence is protein
       -slower1            boolean    Make lower case
       -supper1            boolean    Make upper case
       -sformat1           string     Input sequence format
       -sdbname1           string     Database name
       -sid1               string     Entryname
       -ufo1               string     UFO features
       -fformat1           string     Features format
       -fopenfile1         string     Features file name

       "-outfile" associated qualifiers
       -odirectory2        string     Output directory

       General qualifiers:
       -auto               boolean    Turn off prompts
       -stdout             boolean    Write first file to standard output
       -filter             boolean    Read first file from standard input, write
                                      first file to standard output
       -options            boolean    Prompt for standard and additional values
       -debug              boolean    Write debug output to program.dbg
       -verbose            boolean    Report some/full command line options
       -help               boolean    Report command line options. More
                                      information on associated and general
                                      qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose
       -warning            boolean    Report warnings
       -error              boolean    Report errors
       -fatal              boolean    Report fatal errors
       -die                boolean    Report dying program messages

Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers | Allowed values | Default
--- | --- | ---
[-sequence] (Parameter 1) | Nucleotide sequence(s) filename and optional format, or reference (input USA) | Readable sequence(s) | Required
[-outfile] (Parameter 2) | Output file name | Output file | <*>.cusp
Additional (Optional) qualifiers | Allowed values | Default
(none)
Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers | Allowed values | Default
(none)

## Input file format

### Input files for usage example

'tembl:x13776' is a sequence entry in the example nucleic acid database 'tembl'

### Database entry: tembl:x13776

    ID   X13776; SV 1; linear; genomic DNA; STD; PRO; 2167 BP.
    XX
    AC   X13776; M43175;
    XX
    DT   19-APR-1989 (Rel. 19, Created)
    DT   14-NOV-2006 (Rel. 89, Last updated, Version 24)
    XX
    DE   Pseudomonas aeruginosa amiC and amiR gene for aliphatic amidase regulation
    XX
    KW   aliphatic amidase regulator; amiC gene; amiR gene.
    XX
    OS   Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    OC   Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Pseudomonadales;
    OC   Pseudomonadaceae; Pseudomonas.
    XX
    RN   [1]
    RP   1167-2167
    RA   Rice P.M.;
    RT   ;
    RL   Submitted (16-DEC-1988) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
    RL   Rice P.M., EMBL, Postfach 10-2209, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 6900 Heidelberg, FRG.
    XX
    RN   [2]
    RP   1167-2167
    RX   DOI; 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80249-2.
    RX   PUBMED; 2495988.
    RA   Lowe N., Rice P.M., Drew R.E.;
    RT   "Nucleotide sequence of the aliphatic amidase regulator gene of Pseudomonas
    RT   aeruginosa";
    RL   FEBS Lett. 246(1-2):39-43(1989).
    XX
    RN   [3]
    RP   1-1292
    RX   PUBMED; 1907262.
    RA   Wilson S., Drew R.;
    RT   "Cloning and DNA seqence of amiC, a new gene regulating expression of the
    RT   Pseudomonas aeruginosa aliphatic amidase, and purification of the amiC
    RT   product.";
    RL   J. Bacteriol. 173(16):4914-4921(1991).
    XX
    RN   [4]
    RP   1-2167
    RA   Rice P.M.;
    RT   ;
    RL   Submitted (04-SEP-1991) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
    RL   Rice P.M., EMBL, Postfach 10-2209, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 6900 Heidelberg, FRG.
    XX
    DR   GOA; Q51417.
    DR   UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot; Q51417; AMIS_PSEAE.
    XX

      [Part of this file has been deleted for brevity]

    FT                   /replace=""
    FT                   /note="ClaI fragment deleted in pSW36,  constitutive
    FT                   phenotype"
    FT   misc_feature    1
    FT                   /note="last base of an XhoI site"
    FT   misc_feature    648..653
    FT                   /note="end of 658bp XhoI fragment, deletion in  pSW3 causes
    FT                   constitutive expression of amiE"
    FT   conflict        1281
    FT                   /replace="g"
    FT                   /citation=[3]
    XX
    SQ   Sequence 2167 BP; 363 A; 712 C; 730 G; 362 T; 0 other;
         ggtaccgctg gccgagcatc tgctcgatca ccaccagccg ggcgacggga actgcacgat        60
         ctacctggcg agcctggagc acgagcgggt tcgcttcgta cggcgctgag cgacagtcac       120
         aggagaggaa acggatggga tcgcaccagg agcggccgct gatcggcctg ctgttctccg       180
         aaaccggcgt caccgccgat atcgagcgct cgcacgcgta tggcgcattg ctcgcggtcg       240
         agcaactgaa ccgcgagggc ggcgtcggcg gtcgcccgat cgaaacgctg tcccaggacc       300
         ccggcggcga cccggaccgc tatcggctgt gcgccgagga cttcattcgc aaccgggggg       360
         tacggttcct cgtgggctgc tacatgtcgc acacgcgcaa ggcggtgatg ccggtggtcg       420
         agcgcgccga cgcgctgctc tgctacccga ccccctacga gggcttcgag tattcgccga       480
         acatcgtcta cggcggtccg gcgccgaacc agaacagtgc gccgctggcg gcgtacctga       540
         ttcgccacta cggcgagcgg gtggtgttca tcggctcgga ctacatctat ccgcgggaaa       600
         gcaaccatgt gatgcgccac ctgtatcgcc agcacggcgg cacggtgctc gaggaaatct       660
         acattccgct gtatccctcc gacgacgact tgcagcgcgc cgtcgagcgc atctaccagg       720
         cgcgcgccga cgtggtcttc tccaccgtgg tgggcaccgg caccgccgag ctgtatcgcg       780
         ccatcgcccg tcgctacggc gacggcaggc ggccgccgat cgccagcctg accaccagcg       840
         aggcggaggt ggcgaagatg gagagtgacg tggcagaggg gcaggtggtg gtcgcgcctt       900
         acttctccag catcgatacg cccgccagcc gggccttcgt ccaggcctgc catggtttct       960
         tcccggagaa cgcgaccatc accgcctggg ccgaggcggc ctactggcag accttgttgc      1020
         tcggccgcgc cgcgcaggcc gcaggcaact ggcgggtgga agacgtgcag cggcacctgt      1080
         acgacatcga catcgacgcg ccacaggggc cggtccgggt ggagcgccag aacaaccaca      1140
         gccgcctgtc ttcgcgcatc gcggaaatcg atgcgcgcgg cgtgttccag gtccgctggc      1200
         agtcgcccga accgattcgc cccgaccctt atgtcgtcgt gcataacctc gacgactggt      1260
         ccgccagcat gggcggggga ccgctcccat gagcgccaac tcgctgctcg gcagcctgcg      1320
         cgagttgcag gtgctggtcc tcaacccgcc gggggaggtc agcgacgccc tggtcttgca      1380
         gctgatccgc atcggttgtt cggtgcgcca gtgctggccg ccgccggaag ccttcgacgt      1440
         gccggtggac gtggtcttca ccagcatttt ccagaatggc caccacgacg agatcgctgc      1500
         gctgctcgcc gccgggactc cgcgcactac cctggtggcg ctggtggagt acgaaagccc      1560
         cgcggtgctc tcgcagatca tcgagctgga gtgccacggc gtgatcaccc agccgctcga      1620
         tgcccaccgg gtgctgcctg tgctggtatc ggcgcggcgc atcagcgagg aaatggcgaa      1680
         gctgaagcag aagaccgagc agctccagga ccgcatcgcc ggccaggccc ggatcaacca      1740
         ggccaaggtg ttgctgatgc agcgccatgg ctgggacgag cgcgaggcgc accagcacct      1800
         gtcgcgggaa gcgatgaagc ggcgcgagcc gatcctgaag atcgctcagg agttgctggg      1860
         aaacgagccg tccgcctgag cgatccgggc cgaccagaac aataacaaga ggggtatcgt      1920
         catcatgctg ggactggttc tgctgtacgt tggcgcggtg ctgtttctca atgccgtctg      1980
         gttgctgggc aagatcagcg gtcgggaggt ggcggtgatc aacttcctgg tcggcgtgct      2040
         gagcgcctgc gtcgcgttct acctgatctt ttccgcagca gccgggcagg gctcgctgaa      2100
         ggccggagcg ctgaccctgc tattcgcttt tacctatctg tgggtggccg ccaaccagtt      2160
         cctcgag                                                                2167
    //

## Output file format

### Output files for usage example

### File: x13776.cusp

    #CdsCount: 1

    #Coding GC 67.79%
    #1st letter GC 67.88%
    #2nd letter GC 46.89%
    #3rd letter GC 88.60%

    #Codon AA Fraction Frequency Number
    GCA    A     0.077     7.772      3
    GCC    A     0.462    46.632     18
    GCG    A     0.462    46.632     18
    GCT    A     0.000     0.000      0
    TGC    C     1.000    10.363      4
    TGT    C     0.000     0.000      0
    GAC    D     0.864    49.223     19
    GAT    D     0.136     7.772      3
    GAA    E     0.269    18.135      7
    GAG    E     0.731    49.223     19
    TTC    F     1.000    28.497     11
    TTT    F     0.000     0.000      0
    GGA    G     0.062     5.181      2
    GGC    G     0.719    59.585     23
    GGG    G     0.125    10.363      4
    GGT    G     0.094     7.772      3
    CAC    H     0.727    20.725      8
    CAT    H     0.273     7.772      3
    ATA    I     0.000     0.000      0
    ATC    I     0.800    41.451     16
    ATT    I     0.200    10.363      4
    AAA    K     0.000     0.000      0
    AAG    K     1.000     5.181      2
    CTA    L     0.000     0.000      0
    CTC    L     0.269    18.135      7
    CTG    L     0.577    38.860     15
    CTT    L     0.000     0.000      0
    TTA    L     0.000     0.000      0
    TTG    L     0.154    10.363      4
    ATG    M     1.000    15.544      6
    AAC    N     1.000    28.497     11
    AAT    N     0.000     0.000      0
    CCA    P     0.074     5.181      2
    CCC    P     0.222    15.544      6
    CCG    P     0.630    44.041     17
    CCT    P     0.074     5.181      2
    CAA    Q     0.062     2.591      1
    CAG    Q     0.938    38.860     15
    AGA    R     0.000     0.000      0
    AGG    R     0.029     2.591      1
    CGA    R     0.000     0.000      0
    CGC    R     0.629    56.995     22
    CGG    R     0.314    28.497     11
    CGT    R     0.029     2.591      1
    AGC    S     0.304    18.135      7
    AGT    S     0.087     5.181      2
    TCA    S     0.000     0.000      0
    TCC    S     0.261    15.544      6
    TCG    S     0.304    18.135      7
    TCT    S     0.043     2.591      1
    ACA    T     0.000     0.000      0
    ACC    T     0.733    28.497     11
    ACG    T     0.267    10.363      4
    ACT    T     0.000     0.000      0
    GTA    V     0.030     2.591      1
    GTC    V     0.394    33.679     13
    GTG    V     0.576    49.223     19
    GTT    V     0.000     0.000      0
    TGG    W     1.000    12.953      5
    TAC    Y     0.619    33.679     13
    TAT    Y     0.381    20.725      8
    TAA    *     0.000     0.000      0
    TAG    *     0.000     0.000      0
    TGA    *     1.000     2.591      1

The example shown reads a single CDS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa which has a very high GC content ands a strong coding bias, as shown by the codons for Alanine where those ending with `G` or `C` are used almost exclusively.

The columns are as follows: i. "Codon" (sequence of the codon). ii. "AA" (the encoded amino acid). iii. "Fraction" (the proportion of usage of the codon among its redundant set, i.e. the set of codons which code for this codon's amino acid). iv. "Frequency" (the expected number of codons, given the input sequence(s), per 1000 bases). This will be an extrapolation if the sequence is shorter than 1000 bases. v. "Number" (the observed number of codons in the input sequences).

If multiple sequences are input then the statistics are given for all of the sequences together, not individually.

## Data files

cusp reads a codon usage file as a template for it's output file. The data in this table is ignored entirely. This functionality is hard-coded and invisible to the user.

EMBOSS data files are distributed with the application and stored in the standard EMBOSS data directory, which is defined by the EMBOSS environment variable EMBOSS_DATA.

To see the available EMBOSS data files, run:

    % embossdata -showall

To fetch one of the data files (for example 'Exxx.dat') into your current directory for you to inspect or modify, run:

    % embossdata -fetch -file Exxx.dat

Users can provide their own data files in their own directories. Project specific files can be put in the current directory, or for tidier directory listings in a subdirectory called ".embossdata". Files for all EMBOSS runs can be put in the user's home directory, or again in a subdirectory called ".embossdata".

The directories are searched in the following order:

- . (your current directory)
- .embossdata (under your current directory)
- ~/ (your home directory)
- ~/.embossdata

## Notes

None.

## References

None.

## Warnings

None.

## Diagnostic Error Messages

None.

## Exit status

Always exits with status 0.

## Known bugs

None.

## See also

Program name | Description
--- | ---
cai | Calculate codon adaptation index
chips | Calculates Nc codon usage statistic
codcmp | Codon usage table comparison
syco | Draw synonymous codon usage statictic plot for a nucleotide sequence

## Author(s)

Alan Bleasby (ajb © ebi.ac.uk)
European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK

## History

## Target users

This program is intended to be used by everyone and everything, from naive users to embedded scripts.

## Comments

None